This is a 18th/19th century painting called The Condemnation of Rhea Silvia by Amulius (painted by Guillaume-Guillon Lethiere).
It depicts Rhea Silvia, princess of Alba Longa and Vestal Virgin, being condemned after giving birth (by the god Mars) to the twins Romulus and Remus. Her uncle, Amulius, fears they will grow to usurp the throne, which they are rightfully entitled to. Here, it’s unclear if she’s being condemned to death or back to the temple, but we know what will happen to her twin sons, seen far left. They will find themselves set into a basket to float down the Tiber River toward their legendary destinies. This story is the subject of my novel Rhea Silvia, Book One in The First Vestals of Rome trilogy.